Bibliography

Library

The references below were used in the research for this Stormwater Phytoremediation Species Guide. Some of the references below contain links to the online databases, electronic journals, or websites that contain them for your research ease. Use of online databases and electronic journals are subject to copyright laws. Use and copying for individual and collaborative scholarship is expected, however, systematic downloading and/ or redistribution to non-subscribers is prohibited. Many online databases and electronic journals are restricted to access from the Colorado State University (CSU) campus or through a CSU dial-up connection.

Alberts, J.J., Price, M.T., and M. Kania (1990). "Metal concentration in tissues of Spartina alterniflora (Loisel.) and sediments of Heorgia salt marshes," Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 30, pp. 47-58.

Angier, J.T., McCarty, G.W., Rice, C.P., and K. Bialek (2002) "Influences of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicide exported from an agricultural field." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 15, pp. 4424-4429.

Bassi, M., and S. Sharma (1993). "Changes in proline content accompanying the uptake of zinc and copper by Lemna minor," Annals of Botany, vol. 72, pp. 151-154.

Best E.P., Zappi, M.E., Fredrickson, H.L. Sprecher, S.L., Larson, S.L., and M. Ochman (1997). "Screening of aquatic and wetland plants for phytoremediation of explosives- contaminated groundwater from the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. vol. 829, pp. 179-194.

Brubaker, B. (1999). "ESC 200 - Spring 2002 Trees in Our Environment: Salix babylonica Photographs" http://www.cfr.washington.edu/Classes.esc.200/species%20gallery/salix_babylonica.htm (Seattle, WA: University of Washington- College of Forest Resources)

Burken, J.G. and J.L. Schnoor (1998). "Predictive relationships for uptake of organic contaminants by hybrid poplar trees." Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 3379-3385.

CambridgeSoft Corporation (2003). "Chemfinder.com - Database and Internet Searching." http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/ (Cambridge, MA: CambridgeSoft Corporation)

Charpentier s., Gamier, J., and R. Flaugnatti (1987). "Toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in experimental cultures of Duckweed, Lemna polyrhiza L.," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 38, pp. 1055-1061.

Cheng, S.P., Gross, W., Karrenbrock, F., and M. Thoennessen (2002). "Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals," Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 317-325.

Cheng S.P., Vidakovic-Cifrek, K., Grosse, W. and F. Karrenbrock (2002). "Xenobiotics removal from polluted water by a multifunctional constructed wetland." Chemosphere, vol. 48, no. 4, pp 415-418.

Chigbo, F.E., Smith, R.W., and F.L. Shore (1982). "Uptake of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury from polluted waters by the water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes," Environmental Pollution, vol. A27, pp. 31-36.

Corseuil, H.X. and F.N. Moreno (2001). "Phytoremediation potential of willow trees for aquifer contaminated with ethanol-blended gasoline." Water Resources, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 3013-3017.

Cunningham, S.D., Anderson, T.A., Schwab, A.P., and F.C. Hsu (1996). Advances in Agronomy. (New York: Academic Press.)

Davis, L.(1995) , A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for--agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage, stormwater in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office)

Ding, J., Jing, J., Wang, Y., Wang, W., and B. Ru (1994). "Bioconcentration of cadmium in water-hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in relation to thiol group," Environmental Pollution, vol. 84, pp. 93-96.

Dirilgen, N., and Y. Inel (1994). "Effects of zince and copper on growth and metal accumulation in duckweed, Lemna minor," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 53, pp. 442-449.

Eggers, S.D., and D.M. Reed (1997). Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota & Wisconsin, 2nd ed. (St. Paul, MN: US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District)

Fett, J.P., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A., and C.P. Jordao (1994). "Absorption and distribution of cadmium in water hyacinth plants," Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1219-1230.

Gallagher, J.L., and A.V. Kibby (1980). "Marsh plants as vectors in tracemetal transport in Oregon tidal marshes," American Journal of Botany, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 1069-1074.

Gregor, M., and L. Kautsky (1991). "Effects of Cu, Pb, and Zn on two Potamogeton species grown under field condtions, Vegetation, vol. 97, pp. 173-184.

Gupta, M., Sinha, S., and P. Chandra (1994). "Uptake and toxicity of metals in Scirpus lacustris L. and Bacopa monnieri L.," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A29, no. 10, pp. 2185-2202.

Huebert, D.B., and J.M. Shay (1993). "The response of Lemna trisulca L. to cadmium," Environmental Pollution, vol. 80, pp. 247-253.

Jain, S.K., Vasudevan, P., and N.K. Jha (1989). " Removal of some heavy metals for polluted water by aquatic plants: Studies on duckweed and water velvet," Biological Wastes, vol. 28, pp. 115-126.

Kang, S., Kang, H., Ko, D., and D. Lee (2002) "Nitrogen removal from a riverine wetland: a field survey and simulation study of Phragmites japonica." Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4, pp 467-475.

Knuteson, S.L., Whitwell, T., and S.J. Klaine (2002). "Influence of plant age and size on simazine toxicity and uptake." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 31, pp. 2096-2103.

Krishnan, S.S., Cancilla, A., and R.E. Jervis (1988). "Wastewater treatment for heavy metal toxins using plant and hair as adsorbants," The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 68, pp. 267-273.

Lee, C.R., Sturgis, T.C., and M.C. Landin (1981). "Heavy metal uptake by marsh plants in hydroponic solution cultures," Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 1-4, pp. 139-151.

Lime, P.E., Wong, T.F., and D.V. Lim (2001). "Oxygen demand, nitrogen and copper removal by free-water surface and subsurface flow constructed wetlands under tropical conditions," Environmental International, vol. 26, no. 5-6, pp. 425-431.

Lin, Q., and I.A. Mendelssohn (1998). "The combined effects of phytoremediation and biostimulation in enhancing habitat restoration and oil degradation of petroleum contaminated wetlands." Ecological Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 263-274.

Lin, Q., Mendelssohn, I.A., Suidan, M.T., Lee, K., and A.D. Venosa (2002). "The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora." Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 897-902.

Low, K.S., Lee, C.K., and C.H. Tai (1994). "Biosorption of copper by water hyacinth roots," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A29, no. 1, pp. 171-188.

Lusby, F.E., Gibbs, M.M., Cooper, A.B., and K. Thompson (1998). "The fate of groundwater ammonium in a lake edge wetland," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 459-466.

Lytle, C.M., Lytle, F.W., Yang, N., Qian, J.H., Hansen, D., Zayed, A., and N. Terry (1998). "Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by wetland plants: Potential for in situ heavy metal detoxification," Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 20, pp. 3087-3093.

Machate, T., Heuermann, E., Schramm, K-W., and A. Kettrup (1999). "Purification of Fuel and Nitrate Contaminated Ground Water Using a Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland Plant." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1665-1673.

Mayes, R.A., McIntosh, A.W., and V.L. Anderson (1977). "Uptake of cadmium and lead by rooted aquatic macrophyte (Elodea candadensis)," Ecology, vol. 58, pp. 1176-1180.

McKinlay, R.G. and K. Kasperek (1999). "Observations on decontamination of herbicide-polluted water by marsh plants systems." Water Research, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 505-511.

McNaughton, S.J., Lee, T., Park, F., Price, C., Roeder, D., Schmitz, J., and C. Stockwell (1974). "Heavy metal tolerance in Typha latifolia without the evolutio of tolerant species," Ecology, vol. 55, pp. 1163-1165.

Muramoto, S., Oki, Y., Nishizaki, H., and I. Aoyama (1989). "Variation in some elemental contents of water hyacinth due to cadmium or nickel treatment with or without anionic surface active agents," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A24, no. 8, pp. 925-934.

Muramoto, S. and Y. Oki (1983). "Removal of some metals form polluted water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 30, pp. 170-177.

Murray, A. (2003). "Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant
Particulars and Photographs" http://aquati1.ifas.ufl.edu/ (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida-Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2003) "NIST Chemistry WebBook." http://webbook.nist.gov/ (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Secretary of Commerce)

Nietch, C.T., and J.T. Morris (1999). "Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater." Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 33, no. 17, pp. 2899-2904.

Nzengung, V.A. and P. Jeffers (2001). "Sequestration, phytoreduction, and phytooxidation of halogenated organic chemicals by aquatic and terrestrial plants" International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 13-40.

Prodger, R.A., and W.P. Inskeep (1991). "Heavy metal tolerance of inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata)," Great Basin Naturalist, vol. 51, pp. 271-278.

Qian, J.H., Zayed, A., Zhu Y.L., Yu, M., and N. Terry (1999). "Phytoaccumulation of trace elements by weltand plants: Uptake and accumulation of ten trace elements by twelve plant species." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1448-1455.

Rai, U.N., Tripathi, R.D., Sinha, S., and P. Chandra (1995). "Chromium and cadmium bioaccumulation and toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata (l.f.) Royal and Chara corallina Wildenow," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A30, no. 3, pp. 537-551.

Reimer, P. (1989). "Concentrations of lead in aquatic macrophytes form Shoal lake, Manitoba, Canada," Environmental Pollution, vol. 56, pp. 77-84.

Rice, P.J., Anderson, T.A., and J.R. Coats (1997). "Phytoremediation of herbicide-contaminated surface water with aquatic plants." Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants, ACS Symposium Series No. 664. (Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society) pp.133-151.

Rittmann, B.E., and P.L. McCarty (2001). Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill) pp. 720 - 721.

Schwarzenback, R.P., Gschweld, P.M., and D.M. Imboden (1993). Environmental Organic Chemistry. (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.) pp. 8-9.

Sela, M. and J. Garty (1989). "The accumulation and the effect of heavy metals on the water fern Azolla filiculoides," New Phytologist, vol 112, no. 1, pp. 7-12.

Sen, A.K., and N.G. Mondal (1990). "Removal and uptake of copper(II) by Salvinia natans from wastewater," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 49, pp. 1-6.

Sharma, S., and J.P. Gaur (1995). "Potential of Lemna polyrhiza for removal of heavy metals," Ecological Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 37-43.

Sinha, S. and P. Chandra (1990). "Removal of Cu and Cd from water by Bacopa monnieri L.," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 51, pp. 271-276.

Srivastava, A., and J. Appenroth (1995). "Interaction of EDTA and iron on the accumulation of CD²⁺ in duckweeds (Lemnaceae)," Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 146, pp. 173-176.

Srivastava, A., and V.S. Jaiswal (1989). "Biochemical changes in duckweed after cadmium treatment. Enhancement in senescence," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 50, pp. 163-170.

Susarla, S., Medina, V.F., and S.C. McCutcheon (2002). "Phytoremediation: An ecological solution to organic chemical contamination." Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 647-658.

Taylor G, and A.A. Crowder (1983). "Uptake and accumulation of copper, nickel, and iron by Typha latifolia grown in solution culture," Canadian Journal of Botany, vol. 61, pp. 1825-1830.

Tokunaga, T.N., Furuta, and M. Morinota (1976). "Accumulation of cadmium in Eichhornia crassipes Solms," J.Hyg. Chem., vol. 22, pp. 234-249.

Tsao, D.T. (2003). "Overview of Phytotechnologies." Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol. 78, pp. 36, 41.

USDA, NRCS (2003). "The PLANTS Database, Ver. 3.5," http://plants.usda.gov (Baton Rouge, LA: National Plant Data Center)

US Environmental Protection Agency (June 1999). Phytoremediation Resource Guide, EPA 542-B-99-003. (Washington, D.C.: Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office)

Welsh, W. (1987). "Toxicity of nickel to common duckweed (Lemna minor)," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 6, pp. 961-967.

Williams, J.B. (2002). "Phytoremediation in Wetland Ecosystems: Progress, Problems, and Potential." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 607-635

Wilson, P.C., Whitwell, T., and S.J. Klaine (2001). "Metalaxyl Toxicity, Uptake, and Distribution in Several Ornamental Plant Species." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 30, pp. 411-417.

Wu, M.Y., Franz, E.H., and S. Chen (1999). "Spartina pectinata: a candidate species for constructed treatment wetlands," Wetlands & Remediation: An International Conference, pp. 133-140.

Zaranyika, M.F. and T. Ndapwadza (1995). "Uptake of Ni, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Cd by waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Mukuvisi and Manyame rivers, Zimbabwe," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A30, no. 1, pp. 157-169.

Zayed, A.M., Gowthaman, S., and N. Terry (1998). "Phytoaccumulation of trace elements by wetland plants: Duckweed," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 715-721.

Zhu, Y.L., Zayed, A.M., De Souza, Q.M., and N. Terry (1999). "Phytoaccumulation of trace elements by wetland plants: Water Hyacinth," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 339-344.

Alberts, J.J., Price, M.T., and M. Kania (1990). "Metal concentration in tissues of Spartina alterniflora (Loisel.) and sediments of Heorgia salt marshes," Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 30, pp. 47-58.

Angier, J.T., McCarty, G.W., Rice, C.P., and K. Bialek (2002) "Influences of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicide exported from an agricultural field." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 15, pp. 4424-4429.

Bassi, M., and S. Sharma (1993). "Changes in proline content accompanying the uptake of zinc and copper by Lemna minor," Annals of Botany, vol. 72, pp. 151-154.

Brubaker, B. (1999). "ESC 200 - Spring 2002 Trees in Our Environment: Salix babylonica Photographs" http://www.cfr.washington.edu/Classes.esc.200/species%20gallery/salix_babylonica.htm (Seattle, WA: University of Washington- College of Forest Resources)

Burken, J.G. and J.L. Schnoor (1998). "Predictive relationships for uptake of organic contaminants by hybrid poplar trees." Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 3379-3385.

CambridgeSoft Corporation (2003). "Chemfinder.com - Database and Internet Searching." http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/ (Cambridge, MA: CambridgeSoft Corporation)

Charpentier s., Gamier, J., and R. Flaugnatti (1987). "Toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in experimental cultures of Duckweed, Lemna polyrhiza L.," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 38, pp. 1055-1061.

Cheng, S.P., Gross, W., Karrenbrock, F., and M. Thoennessen (2002). "Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals," Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 317-325.

Cheng S.P., Vidakovic-Cifrek, K., Grosse, W. and F. Karrenbrock (2002). "Xenobiotics removal from polluted water by a multifunctional constructed wetland." Chemosphere, vol. 48, no. 4, pp 415-418.

Chigbo, F.E., Smith, R.W., and F.L. Shore (1982). "Uptake of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury from polluted waters by the water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes," Environmental Pollution, vol. A27, pp. 31-36.

Corseuil, H.X. and F.N. Moreno (2001). "Phytoremediation potential of willow trees for aquifer contaminated with ethanol-blended gasoline." Water Resources, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 3013-3017.

Cunningham, S.D., Anderson, T.A., Schwab, A.P., and F.C. Hsu (1996). Advances in Agronomy. (New York: Academic Press.)

Davis, L.(1995) , A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for--agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage, stormwater in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office)

Ding, J., Jing, J., Wang, Y., Wang, W., and B. Ru (1994). "Bioconcentration of cadmium in water-hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in relation to thiol group," Environmental Pollution, vol. 84, pp. 93-96.

Dirilgen, N., and Y. Inel (1994). "Effects of zince and copper on growth and metal accumulation in duckweed, Lemna minor," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 53, pp. 442-449.

Eggers, S.D., and D.M. Reed (1997). Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota & Wisconsin, 2nd ed. (St. Paul, MN: US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District)

Fett, J.P., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A., and C.P. Jordao (1994). "Absorption and distribution of cadmium in water hyacinth plants," Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1219-1230.

Gallagher, J.L., and A.V. Kibby (1980). "Marsh plants as vectors in tracemetal transport in Oregon tidal marshes," American Journal of Botany, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 1069-1074.

Gregor, M., and L. Kautsky (1991). "Effects of Cu, Pb, and Zn on two Potamogeton species grown under field condtions, Vegetation, vol. 97, pp. 173-184.

Gupta, M., Sinha, S., and P. Chandra (1994). "Uptake and toxicity of metals in Scirpus lacustris L. and Bacopa monnieri L.," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A29, no. 10, pp. 2185-2202.

Huebert, D.B., and J.M. Shay (1993). "The response of Lemna trisulca L. to cadmium," Environmental Pollution, vol. 80, pp. 247-253.

Jain, S.K., Vasudevan, P., and N.K. Jha (1989). " Removal of some heavy metals for polluted water by aquatic plants: Studies on duckweed and water velvet," Biological Wastes, vol. 28, pp. 115-126.

Kang, S., Kang, H., Ko, D., and D. Lee (2002) "Nitrogen removal from a riverine wetland: a field survey and simulation study of Phragmites japonica." Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4, pp 467-475.

Knuteson, S.L., Whitwell, T., and S.J. Klaine (2002). "Influence of plant age and size on simazine toxicity and uptake." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 31, pp. 2096-2103.

Krishnan, S.S., Cancilla, A., and R.E. Jervis (1988). "Wastewater treatment for heavy metal toxins using plant and hair as adsorbants," The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 68, pp. 267-273.

Lee, C.R., Sturgis, T.C., and M.C. Landin (1981). "Heavy metal uptake by marsh plants in hydroponic solution cultures," Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 1-4, pp. 139-151.

Lime, P.E., Wong, T.F., and D.V. Lim (2001). "Oxygen demand, nitrogen and copper removal by free-water surface and subsurface flow constructed wetlands under tropical conditions," Environmental International, vol. 26, no. 5-6, pp. 425-431.

Lin, Q., and I.A. Mendelssohn (1998). "The combined effects of phytoremediation and biostimulation in enhancing habitat restoration and oil degradation of petroleum contaminated wetlands." Ecological Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 263-274.

Lin, Q., Mendelssohn, I.A., Suidan, M.T., Lee, K., and A.D. Venosa (2002). "The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora." Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 897-902.

Low, K.S., Lee, C.K., and C.H. Tai (1994). "Biosorption of copper by water hyacinth roots," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A29, no. 1, pp. 171-188.

Lusby, F.E., Gibbs, M.M., Cooper, A.B., and K. Thompson (1998). "The fate of groundwater ammonium in a lake edge wetland," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 459-466.

Lytle, C.M., Lytle, F.W., Yang, N., Qian, J.H., Hansen, D., Zayed, A., and N. Terry (1998). "Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by wetland plants: Potential for in situ heavy metal detoxification," Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 20, pp. 3087-3093.

Machate, T., Heuermann, E., Schramm, K-W., and A. Kettrup (1999). "Purification of Fuel and Nitrate Contaminated Ground Water Using a Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland Plant." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1665-1673.

Mayes, R.A., McIntosh, A.W., and V.L. Anderson (1977). "Uptake of cadmium and lead by rooted aquatic macrophyte (Elodea candadensis)," Ecology, vol. 58, pp. 1176-1180.

McKinlay, R.G. and K. Kasperek (1999). "Observations on decontamination of herbicide-polluted water by marsh plants systems." Water Research, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 505-511.

McNaughton, S.J., Lee, T., Park, F., Price, C., Roeder, D., Schmitz, J., and C. Stockwell (1974). "Heavy metal tolerance in Typha latifolia without the evolutio of tolerant species," Ecology, vol. 55, pp. 1163-1165.

Muramoto, S., Oki, Y., Nishizaki, H., and I. Aoyama (1989). "Variation in some elemental contents of water hyacinth due to cadmium or nickel treatment with or without anionic surface active agents," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A24, no. 8, pp. 925-934.

Muramoto, S. and Y. Oki (1983). "Removal of some metals form polluted water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 30, pp. 170-177.

Murray, A. (2003). "Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Particulars and Photographs" http://aquati1.ifas.ufl.edu/ (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida-Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2003) "NIST Chemistry WebBook." http://webbook.nist.gov/ (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Secretary of Commerce)

Nietch, C.T., and J.T. Morris (1999). "Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater." Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 33, no. 17, pp. 2899-2904.

Nzengung, V.A. and P. Jeffers (2001). "Sequestration, phytoreduction, and phytooxidation of halogenated organic chemicals by aquatic and terrestrial plants" International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 13-40.

Prodger, R.A., and W.P. Inskeep (1991). "Heavy metal tolerance of inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata)," Great Basin Naturalist, vol. 51, pp. 271-278.

Qian, J.H., Zayed, A., Zhu Y.L., Yu, M., and N. Terry (1999). "Phytoaccumulation of trace elements by weltand plants: Uptake and accumulation of ten trace elements by twelve plant species." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1448-1455.

Rai, U.N., Tripathi, R.D., Sinha, S., and P. Chandra (1995). "Chromium and cadmium bioaccumulation and toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata (l.f.) Royal and Chara corallina Wildenow," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. A30, no. 3, pp. 537-551.

Reimer, P. (1989). "Concentrations of lead in aquatic macrophytes form Shoal lake, Manitoba, Canada," Environmental Pollution, vol. 56, pp. 77-84.

Rice, P.J., Anderson, T.A., and J.R. Coats (1997). "Phytoremediation of herbicide-contaminated surface water with aquatic plants." Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants, ACS Symposium Series No. 664. (Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society) pp.133-151.

Rittmann, B.E., and P.L. McCarty (2001). Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill) pp. 720 - 721.

Schwarzenback, R.P., Gschweld, P.M., and D.M. Imboden (1993). Environmental Organic Chemistry. (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.) pp. 8-9.

Sela, M. and J. Garty (1989). "The accumulation and the effect of heavy metals on the water fern Azolla filiculoides," New Phytologist, vol 112, no. 1, pp. 7-12.

Sen, A.K., and N.G. Mondal (1990). "Removal and uptake of copper(II) by Salvinia natans from wastewater," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 49, pp. 1-6.

Sharma, S., and J.P. Gaur (1995). "Potential of Lemna polyrhiza for removal of heavy metals," Ecological Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 37-43.

Sinha, S. and P. Chandra (1990). "Removal of Cu and Cd from water by Bacopa monnieri L.," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 51, pp. 271-276.

Srivastava, A., and J. Appenroth (1995). "Interaction of EDTA and iron on the accumulation of CD2+ in duckweeds (Lemnaceae)," Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 146, pp. 173-176.

Srivastava, A., and V.S. Jaiswal (1989). "Biochemical changes in duckweed after cadmium treatment. Enhancement in senescence," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 50, pp. 163-170.

Susarla, S., Medina, V.F., and S.C. McCutcheon (2002). "Phytoremediation: An ecological solution to organic chemical contamination." Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 647-658.

Taylor G, and A.A. Crowder (1983). "Uptake and accumulation of copper, nickel, and iron by Typha latifolia grown in solution culture," Canadian Journal of Botany, vol. 61, pp. 1825-1830.

Tokunaga, T.N., Furuta, and M. Morinota (1976). "Accumulation of cadmium in Eichhornia crassipes Solms," J.Hyg. Chem., vol. 22, pp. 234-249.

Tsao, D.T. (2003). "Overview of Phytotechnologies." Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol. 78, pp. 36, 41.

USDA, NRCS (2003). "The PLANTS Database, Ver. 3.5," http://plants.usda.gov (Baton Rouge, LA: National Plant Data Center)

US Environmental Protection Agency (June 1999). Phytoremediation Resource Guide, EPA 542-B-99-003. (Washington, D.C.: Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office)

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